Allâhumma salli 'alâ Muhammadin wa âli Muhammad,Allah, bless Muhammad and Muhammad's near and dear ones.If we pray for blessings for our Prophet Muhammad (s) in this way,we can be sure that this blessing connects him and us.

The Sâd is a voiceless s like the Sîn in lesson but emphatic (with pressure).
The Ta (with the two dots) is pronounced like an ordinary English t, the other Ta is emphatic. Again it is important to differentiate:
tîn, Fig und Tîn, earth, clay
Do you remember the un in lesson 5? It indicates that the word is indetermined and in the nominative case: Tûrun, a mountain. The in indicates that the case has changed, e.g. after a preposition:
'alâ Tûrin, on a mountain.
You are certainly able to read the headlines of more Surahs than those given as examples in the past lessons. And maybe you can already recognize one or the other short verse, especially in the last part of the Qur'an.

Arabic Lesson 3

Here we read the complete sentence,Bismillâhir-Rahmânir-Rahîm,In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.It stands in the beginning of each Surah except the 9th.

Just as the Alif makes the a long (see Lesson 1), the Ya makes the i long.
The Ha in this lesson is pronounced deeper in the throat than the Ha in Lesson 1.
Some letters are strong, that is, they assimilate the Lâm of al: not al-Salâm but as-Salâm; not al-Rahmân but ar-Rahmân etc.
You can easily recognize strong letters in the beginning of the word because they carry a doubling sign while the Lâm of al does not have a sign at all.
Ar-Rahmân, the Beneficent, andar-Rahîm, the Merciful,are among the Names of Allah most frequently mentioned in the Qur'an. From this lesson on, more Names of Allah will be introduced.